Modular manufacturing processes: Status, challenges, and opportunities

Challenges and opportunities in biopharmaceutical manufacturing control

The total sales of biopharmaceuticals have been steadily increasing for decades with growing approval of new drug products, especially for monoclonal antibodies. This trend motivates the development of deeper understanding and advancement of biopharmaceutical manufacturing operations. This article describes opportunities, needs, and challenges in process control and operations for biopharmaceut...

Islam; Challenges and Opportunities

Undoubtedly Islamic Revolution of Iran has been the source of Islamic awakening in the middle-east. Therefore Islamic Republic of Iran plays the role of an example and a director of political developments in the region. Islamic awakening in Arab countries has been able to question the dominant discourse of dictators in the middle-east region and topple their regimes. These developments include ...

Folate status and health: challenges and opportunities.

Each year approximately 2400 pregnancies develop folic acid-preventable spina bifida and anencephaly in Europe. Currently, 70% of all affected pregnancies are terminated after prenatal diagnosis. The prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) has been significantly lowered in more than 70 countries worldwide by applying fortification with folic acid. Periconceptional supplementation of folic acid...

Additive manufacturing of fatigue resistant materials: Challenges and opportunities

Challenges and Opportunities in Logic Control for Manufacturing Systems

Discrete part manufacturing systems typically consist of numerous machines working together in a coordinated and sequential fashion. Programmable logic controllers are widely used to implement the control algorithms for these machines. Systems with hundreds or thousands of inputs and outputs, many of them simple on/off switches, are not uncommon. The logic controller must handle not only the no...